Chesham United were formed in 1917 after the merger of Chesham Town and Chesham Generals. The club joined the Spartan League in 1919 and won the league three times.
After a reorganisation of the league, they were placed in the Premier Division and then became champions in 1933.

After the Second World War, Chesham United were placed in the Western Division before switching to the Corinthian League. The club then moved to the Isthmian Second Division in 1973 which was renamed as Division One in 1977.

In the 1990/91 season, Chesham United were promoted as champions to the Premier Division and then went onto win it in 1992/93. However, the club was denied promotion to the Conference and then were relegated in 1995.

They were promoted back to the Premier Division in 1997 where Chesham stayed until 2003, which saw them relegated to Division One. Chesham, however, bounced back straight away and were transferred to the Southern League Premier Division.

In 2005/06, Chesham finished bottom of the Premier Division and saw relegation again to Division One. The club reached the play-off position two seasons in a row and saw them promoted to the Premier Division at the second attempt.

Since then Chesham have been pushing to earn promotion to the National League South. They reached the play-offs three times in a row between 2011 and 2015, but it wasn't meant to be. The club will be hoping that it could be a fourth time lucky this season.